Cytokines

Cytokines are small signaling proteins secreted by immune cells that play a vital role in regulating inflammation, immune responses, and cell communication. They act as messengers between cells, controlling processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and defense against infections. Cytokines include interleukins, interferons, chemokines, and tumor necrosis factors, each with specific functions in health and disease. Because of their central role in immunity, cytokines are key targets for therapeutic research in autoimmune disorders, cancer, infectious diseases, and regenerative medicine.